Finishing the basement of a private house: design ideas

The appearance of housing is often judged on its owner, despite the fact that they may be the complete opposite of each other. Therefore, each owner is very kind to his abode, and those who do not even think about it make a big mistake. The choice of color, the correct stylistic design, arrangement of the facade, roofing, decoration of the basement of a private house, along with the excellent interior space, allows you to achieve the desired result.

Particular attention should be paid to the foot of the building, which lies on the foundation. It is the transitional part from the base to the wall that is constantly exposed to the negative effects of atmospheric precipitation, so lining is simply necessary for this area of ​​construction. It provides reliable heat and waterproofing of the foundation, protection from mechanical damage, and also has a decorative function.

Features

The protruding part of the foundation in contact with the facade of the building is constantly exposed to various kinds of impacts:

  • Chemical. On the surface fall precipitation, dirt, reagents;
  • Biological. Partially the foundation is in the ground, interacting with organisms living in the soil;
  • Physical. Daily, seasonal temperature changes, air humidity;
  • Mechanical. Wind blowing, which carry different grains of sand.

In view of these circumstances, the increased load experienced by this part of the building must be protected. The choice of materials for facing, as well as the conduct of the works themselves, should be approached thoroughly, taking into account the following requirements, which the raw materials for finishing should meet:

  • Moisture resistance. The material must reliably protect the wall from rain, snow, condensate, so that moisture could not get to the surface of the base, did not penetrate the finish. Otherwise, it can lead to the destruction of not only the foot of the building, but also its facade. In humid environments, fungus and mold often appear that cause an unpleasant odor.
  • Resistant to mechanical damage. A stone or tile should have a high level of strength, together with the moving part, they hold all the load created by the walls of the building and evenly distribute it over the base.
  • Thermal conductivity. Allows you to keep warm in the house, serves as an additional insulation.
  • Immunity to temperature changes. Due to the properties of the material to decrease and expand as a result of temperature fluctuations, cracks may appear on the surface of the cladding, which will lead to a decrease in resistance to moisture, frost resistance, and further to the destruction of raw materials.

    

The need for finishing

Since the basement of a private house is located above the ground, according to the norms, its height should be at least 20 cm. It is constantly visible, susceptible to all sorts of influences, so its facing plays an important role, allows you to solve a number of tasks, namely

  • If you leave the surface of the protruding foundation without plating, then under the influence of dirt, precipitation, aggressive chemical and organic substances, it will slowly collapse.
  • The right choice of materials corresponding to the general style of the building will allow you to transform the building, give it the best look, turn it into a masterpiece of design art.
  • Finishing protects the foundation of the building from damage by mold, fungus, prevents access of insects, rodents.
  • Tile, stone, plaster retain heat well, allow to warm the building, and also protect the supporting structure from frost, preventing erosion.


    

What preparatory work should be done before finishing

It is very important to carefully and efficiently perform the preparation of the base before plating. This will strengthen the structure, improve the performance of waterproofing and heat insulation of the entire building. But it should be noted that this type of work should be performed in the warm period of the year, following the following procedure:

  • A trench is dug along the entire perimeter of the structure. Its depth is 30-50 cm, width - 50 cm.
  • The surface of the basement and the basement is cleared of soil, mold, moss and other contaminants. Crumbled items are removed.
  • The entire wall, as well as the base to the upper edge of the skin, is leveled, treated with antiseptics, primer, covered with a waterproofing layer, over which a heater of polyurethane, foam plastic, EPS is installed. The elements are mounted with special dowels with umbrellas.
  • The bottom of the recess is leveled and rammed, covered with a layer of gravel or fine fraction rubble at 10-15 cm, and also with sand - 10 cm. Each layer is alternately shed with water and compacted with the help of hand tamping.
  • Next fit insulation. For this you can use EPS plates (extruded polystyrene foam).
  • A vapor barrier is placed on top of the insulation layer.
  • Alternately, over a single wall, a formwork is constructed, through which a concrete blind area is formed.
  • It remains only to finish with a socle. To do this, a reinforcing mesh is mounted on top of the insulation, the plane is covered with a layer of plaster, another type of lining.

Types of basement designs

Many people, like beginner builders, do not always understand what the building base means. In fact - this is the foot of the building. For strip foundations - a protruding part of the base itself, located above the ground, or a section of the wall forming the basement. For columnar or pile structures - a wall between the pillars, reaching up to a grillage.

There are three main options for the design of the basement, which are used in the design of houses:

  1. Falling away Recessed 5-8 cm in relation to the outer wall. Such a device is recommended for homes that do not have a basement. In terms of protecting the base from precipitation is the most reliable. It is well hidden waterproofing and a layer of insulation.
  2. The speaker A good option when the building has thin outer walls, a basement is equipped under the house. This structure requires additional consumption of building materials, but it looks more solid.
  3. Flush. The simplest in execution, but needs additional waterproofing protection, arrangement of ebb. With this model of construction is difficult to install insulation, to carry out finishing work.

    

Arrangement, types and technology of mounting ebb for the basement and foundation

The place of docking of the basement with the bearing wall is most susceptible to moisture penetration through the gap between the structural elements. As a result, materials may be damp. Even in the presence of waterproofing there is no complete certainty that the flowing water will not fall under it. To solve this problem, the ebb is located above the lining.

The cheapest option are plastic models. They are characterized by a high level of water resistance, but poorly tolerate low temperatures, and it is also a very fragile material that can crack and crack under mechanical stress.

To one of the most durable can be attributed ebb, made of copper, aluminum, and steel. Their cost is in the middle price category. In this case, the products are immune to moisture, tolerate temperature changes well. It is simple to mount building material, it is carried out by means of self-tapping screws.

For protruding foundations with brick or stone cladding, concrete projections will be a good solution. To increase their strength, plasticity, frost resistance, in the manufacture of the mixture add special plasticizers.

One of the most expensive products is the construction of clinker tiles. Clinker is resistant to various external factors, mechanical damage. Some models are covered with a layer of glaze.

When choosing low tide, you should not save, buy cheap plastic options. It is better to give preference to more expensive, for example, stainless steel products, the durability of which exceeds the service life of a residential house.

Having chosen a suitable peak, it is possible to start its installation. The installation of each particular model will depend on the material from which it is made, as well as on the building structure. For example, for wooden walls it is better to use plastic or metal versions, which are mounted with screws. For brick, concrete structures, lined with tiles, stone, it is better to install concrete or clinker structures that fit the solution. In this case, their installation is carried out during the cladding of walls, if the finish is ready, it is better to use metal products. Before installation, it is necessary to conduct preparatory activities. Seal the base joint with the supporting wall, using a level to make a markup.

Installation of metal and plastic castings

Ebbs are chosen depending on the color, texture of the future facade and personal preferences of the owner. Elements must be in harmony with all finishing materials. Otherwise they will be unprofitable to stand out, and the slightest defect and curvature will be evident. Good performance characteristics have metal, plastic products.

Metal castings are made to the size of the customer. You can leave their natural look or color. Installation begins with a corner. For the correct calculations use special corners, which are included in the kit to the slats. All products are the same in color and size. At the next stage, finishing of the projecting parts of the building is carried out.

According to preliminary calculations mark the ebb. At the required points, at a distance of 50 cm, holes are drilled, applied to the wall and fixed with dowels and self-tapping screws. The lower part is attached to the foundation with identical pitch. At the junction of the ebb and the wall must go through a silicone sealant or putty. The lining of straight sections is produced last. The elements are overlapped.

Installation of concrete and clinkers

Such ebb is mounted before facing the facade or together with it, since fitting them to size after full installation will be difficult. It is better to use concrete, clinker structures in combination with a socle made of natural stone, porcelain stoneware, and brick.

Attach the ebb to a special adhesive composition for exterior work. Installation begins with a corner. To minimize the processing of dense material, it should immediately be properly positioned. It is necessary to calculate the length of the reflux in advance, taking into account the size of parts, the width of the seam, the number of defective, angular elements. If necessary, pruning produce tile cutter or grinder.

The back side of each tile is treated with glue. Clinker has special grooves in the form of a dovetail for high-quality filling the mixture. All elements must be fixed strictly on the intended line. After complete drying, the joints are treated with a putty and proceed to the facing of the building.

Waterproofing

From the quality of the waterproofing base depends on the life of the house. At the foot of the impact of multiple negative factors - snow melting, groundwater. So that the building does not start to collapse prematurely, it should be reliably protected. The outer side of the basement requires the most attention. Protect the structure should be in two planes:

  • Upright. Apply water repellent blends and materials;
  • Horizontally. Lay the rolled layer between the outer part of the cap and the foundation.

Depending on the type of soil, the depth of groundwater, climate features and other factors, choose the appropriate option of vertical waterproofing. This may be a special protective varnish, bitumen mastic, liquid polymers, synthetic resins. Also, the outer facade can be pasted over with roofing paper. Choosing the method of waterproofing should take into account the type of material from which the base is built, especially the finish. There are several options for protective lining:

  • Penetrating. After applying the cement-quartz mixture slowly moves through the microcracks into the concrete, tightly clogging them. The material becomes chemically inert, its strength increases by 30%;
  • Roll. Put on any basement construction. For reliability it uses 2-3 polymer, bitumen, synthetic layers. The rolls are overlapped, providing very high protection against moisture. Joints lubricated with water-repellent blends;
  • Coating Apply several layers of liquid mastic on the prepared surface. Bituminous, cement-polymer mixtures do not differ in durability, they require protection from external physical influence. After 5 years require replacement;
  • Screen. The basement is trimmed with special clay panels with overlap, nails are attached to the dowel;
  • Brick protection. Waterproofing should be considered at the material procurement stage. Brick must be treated with protective impregnation. On the cleaned surface of such a base put a coating impregnation, covered with coiled insulation.

Warming

The ground floor must be protected not only from moisture, but also from exposure to the external environment. The greatest harm to waterproofing materials can cause cold, low temperature. You can achieve better results if you choose high quality insulation. It should be elastic, like penoplex, durable, free to carry physical, chemical effects. Warming the building is better to produce lightweight material that will not exert an extra load.

When choosing a product should consider the technology of its application. From the options with the need to violate the integrity of the structure should be abandoned. To insulate the outside of the lower part of a private house is necessary during its construction, before the onset of cold weather. The following materials retain heat well:

  • Extruded polystyrene foam. Plates with a thickness of 3-10 cm have a high density, tolerate moderate mechanical, chemical effects. The service life of 25 years. Cons - prone to rodents, brittle at the bends, requires treatment with antipropyrenes;
  • Polyurethane foam. Lightweight material is durable and highly inert, does not burn and moldy. Of the disadvantages can be noted a negative reaction to ultraviolet. For the distribution of polyurethane on the surface requires special equipment;
  • Mineral wool. The fibrous structure provides good sound insulation, does not burn. Available in mats, rolls. It is installed with the help of lathing from a bar, which should be pre-treated with mixtures against rotting;
  • Thermopanels. Create an optimal indoor climate. The chance of hitting cold air is minimized. The material has a mortise mounting system.

Cladding - material selection

The main purpose of the basement facing is to protect the surface from external influences, erosion processes, and biological organisms. Also, do not forget about the overall design of the building. The selected finishing material must be in harmony with the coating of the walls of the house, other buildings on the site. Choose a decorative covering should be based on the design features and financial capabilities.


    

Plaster

Decorating the facade with decorative plaster is one of the most difficult ways. The material provides good protection to the waterproofing layer and insulation. At the same time it looks beautiful and original. A variety of colors and textures allows you to create any design.

The main plastering of the plinth is performed with cement mortar, the decor is applied on top. The composition for external use consists of a binder base, plasticizers, additives with different properties and filler. You can dilute them with solvents or plain water. The composition of the plaster for the foundation is divided into the following types:

  • Mineral The filler is stone powder, the base is lime-cement. Durable, vapor-permeable material of the average price category;
  • Acrylic. Fillers create an imitation of textured surfaces - leather, wood, marble, base - acrylic resin. Combustible material must be coated with anti-pyrene;
  • Silicate. The basis - potassium liquid glass. Fast freezes, has excellent antistatic properties;
  • Silicone. Basis - silicone resin. It has the best performance properties - waterproof, durable, durable, large selection of colors. Has a high price.

    

A natural stone

The most practical and durable version of the plinth facing. Refinement with natural material will give the building a beautiful, respectable appearance. Many owners of country houses choose this difficult way of finishing, although it is not cheap. We must not forget about the great weight of the stone. It is better to choose material from dense rocks of magmatic origin, corresponding in color and texture to the design concept.

The most durable options for finishing the basement - granite, gabbro. It is easier to work with sandstone and slate. Marble is not recommended because after a couple of years it will lose its appearance. Loose, sedimentary and light rocks also cannot be used. Dirty spots and rain stains will be immediately visible on the shell rock and limestone.

The thickness of the limestone can be varied. Этот показатель влияет на способ крепления камня.Elements with an area of ​​up to 0.5 meters and a thickness of up to 1 cm can be installed on glue or cement mortar. For larger formations, additional fasteners should be used.

The finishing with natural stone should be carried out with a small gap, since it is common for natural material to change the volume in different situations (change of weather, wet precipitation, fall, temperature increase). The magnitude of the unfilled clearance is determined individually for each breed.

    

Fake diamond

The construction market offers a huge selection of artificial materials for finishing the basement. You can work with them without any preparation. Products created in a special way to facilitate installation, have standardized sizes. You can cut and adjust the artificial stone with your own hands using the grinder.

The foundation, lined with artificial elements, is reliably protected from external factors, has excellent aesthetic qualities, is able to decorate any facade. This is a great alternative to natural stone. Available building material is different in appearance and characteristics. Divided into the following types:

  • Polymer sand. The basis of the composition is sand. It is supplemented with plasticizers, various types of polymers, modifiers. Parts have a locking connection, can be mounted on a batten or glue;
  • Cement products. The composition includes sand, cement, plasticizers. The texture of the products is achieved with the help of special forms into which the mixture is poured;
  • Flexible stone. On a fabric basis impregnated with glue, put a crumb of sand and stone breeds. For finishing the foundation is rarely used.

    

Clinker tiles

Natural tile fully meets all the requirements imposed on the finishing materials of the basement, insulates the structure, and is easy to clean. It has minimal water absorption, good chemical inertness. The product is not cheap, its price exceeds ceramic granite, siding for the foundation.

Lining material is made of refractory clay by the method of high-temperature single firing. Decorative give mineral dyes. To impart high density it is pressed. The tile is produced in various shapes and sizes, the optimum thickness of the products is 3 centimeters. The surface may have a matte, glossy texture. It is possible to ennoble the base with models that imitate a brick.

Installation of clinker tiles can not be called easy. For work you need only a flat surface, special glue and professional skills. Laying it, creating a beautiful picture, in several ways:

  • In the run;
  • Diagonally;
  • One above the other (horizontal, vertical seams).

    

Clinker brick

The material is much stronger than a simple clay analogue, since it is made by the method of firing. Thanks to a special technology, the structure of ceramic products is homogeneous, there are no voids and pores. They are resistant to any mechanical stress. The production technology allows clinker bricks to be produced in various colors by adjusting the firing process.

When refining the base, you must follow the exact instructions laying. Brick should go dense rows. The work should begin from the bottom up, creating five layers of each, followed by drying, hardening. Excess mortar is removed with a trowel and used for the following elements when applying other rows. After laying, the joints are rubbed, filled with a special mixture and embroidered.

    

Ground siding

It is necessary to use front material with exact observance of technology of installation. When the temperature changes, it may shrink and expand, causing cracking. There are several types of panels, each of which has different properties. For example, products with thermal insulation can be used for cladding without laying insulation. Also produce panels with an additional waterproofing, high strength and others.

Plinth siding looks attractive. Let out the variations imitating finishing by natural materials (a stone, a brick, wood). Quality panels are difficult to distinguish from natural bases, even at close range. Basement products are much thicker than ordinary wall panels. They do not have a specific standard. Each manufacturer sets its dimensions. For finishing the base is better to choose long and narrow elements. Depending on the material, basement siding is divided into several types:

  • Metal. The basis is galvanized steel, the coating is a polymer layer. Can imitate various textures;
  • Vinyl. The basis is polyvinyl chloride. It has a large color range, from pastel tones, to bright and saturated. On the strength inferior to metal elements. Plastic product is ideal for exterior decoration;
  • Fiber cement. The basis is cement, modifiers, cellulosic reinforcing fibers.

    

Professional sheet

Using profiled sheets is an affordable, quick way to trim a plinth. They are made of metal by cold rolling. The technology allows to withstand large mechanical, chemical loads, sheathe uneven areas. With proper installation, the life of the flat profiled sheet is 50 years. Compact, fireproof material is easy to install at any time of the year, even under adverse weather conditions (different rainfall, high air temperature). The category of socle finishing materials from a professional leaf has the following versions:

  • Carrier flooring. Made of metal with a minimum thickness of 0.7 mm. Differs in excessive durability, thanks to the big size of waves, stiffening ribs;
  • Wall. Made from metal with a thickness of 0.4 mm. Professional sheet with moderate waves, without additional ribs. Because of the flexibility requires proper installation;
  • Universal. The thickness of the material can vary in the range of 0.4-0.8 mm. Wave height is different for each brand.


    

Fiber cement boards

The choice in the direction of such material is justified and beneficial from a financial point of view. The product has a lot of weight and should be mounted only on high-quality, reliable crate. Fiber cement board is produced from a special cement solution with the addition of additives, which form a protective film on the surface of the finished product. Bulky solid plates have unique properties:

  • Resistant to all aggressive media;
  • Not afraid of fire;
  • Self-cleaning;
  • Do not change the density with temperature drops;
  • Retain high-quality, operational characteristics in all weather conditions.

Manufacturers of fiber cement boards claim that the product has the same operational life as the foundation. It is not recommended to revet the basement of houses at an angle. The need to trim panels at an angle will reduce the life of the skin.

    

Conclusion

When building a house, carrying out repair work, special attention should be paid to its basement part. On this will depend not only the appearance of the entire building, but also the strength of the structure as a whole. When choosing finishing materials, it is better to give preference to thick-walled, wear-resistant models with such qualities as durability and frost resistance. They must be neutral to moisture, immune to mechanical damage.

Watch the video: VIDEO - Multigenerational house - best walkout basement I've ever seen for sale Danville Kentucky (March 2024).

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