Projects of houses with a flat roof

The flat roof of the house is often associated with the urban landscape. However, there are many suburban low-rise buildings with rectilinear forms and flat roofs - expensive private houses. Both use cases of direct configuration can be considered classic. An important feature of flat roofs is their arrangement to withstand stagnant masses of water and snow. Since it is important and the purpose of the roof, the options for the location and combination of different materials is much more than the main types of roofing. Some types of flat roofs appeared relatively recently, for example, inversion, and have already managed to occupy their niche. There are ready-made designs of houses with a flat roof. They have incorporated several aspects at once regarding the materials, amenities, shape, color and optimal placement. The choice should facilitate flexible pricing.

Features

A distinctive feature of houses with a flat roof is the need for high-precision calculations to ensure the reliability of the structure. The roof of the building should be finished with modern insulating materials - polymer coatings, membranes, mineral wool products. Residents will need a system to organize the discharge of thawed and rainwater, and in most cases, special means for heating the roof. It is important to provide easy access to the roof for cleaning the storm system, cleaning snow and litter, for technical inspection and repair work. For flat roofs there are special standards for GOST and SNiPs. According to technical regulations, it is impossible to make a perfectly flat surface of the house. One of the reasons for the ban by supervisors is the difficulty of care. The slope must be at least in the range of 1-5%, and if the roof is not exploited, the mandatory indicator can increase to 15%.

Before designing a building with a flat roof, you should consult with an experienced architect!


Pros and cons of a flat roof

The undeniable advantage of houses with a flat roof is the appearance. Modern design "found" many uses of such a roof. With the same area under construction, equivalent to the cost of materials and technology, the construction of a building with a flat surface will be cheaper than a sloping one. A flat roof space can be used effectively. Summer and sports grounds, swimming pool - examples of standard solutions for its arrangement. The disadvantages are primarily the absence of a large potential portion of thermal insulation. Precipitation will have a strong impact, so you need reinforced waterproofing and a powerful system of water outflow. Cleaning the roof from snow can take a lot of time, the same applies to cleaning debris. However, architects are working hard to improve cleaning systems.


Types of flat roof

The type of a roof most widespread in an economy is unexploited. Strength in this case does not play an important role, because the main task is to protect the premises. Insulating and barrier materials can be used with not the most optimal properties. For maintenance of the roof, walkways or beams are made. Operated roofing is a coating that provides a solid foundation for accommodating various objects. It is suitable for installing pools, lawns, dance floors, etc. The design feature is to cover the reinforced concrete surface with a hydrobarrier, insulation and vapor barrier, and then to install the screed. The surface is then lined with finishing materials, such as tiles or boards. The third type of flat roofs is inversion. All layers of waterproofing with this option are placed under insulation. On the surface, you can also place various objects.
Subspecies of unexploited roofs:

  • membrane;
  • liquid polymer;
  • bitumen and polymer bitumen.


Base for flat roof

Reinforced concrete slabs usually perform its role, but metal-profile construction is sometimes used. 2 variants of concrete products can be used: monolithic and hollow. Coverage is done in several stages. First, a heat-insulating material, a vapor barrier and a waterproofing layer are placed on the supporting base to protect against precipitation, including vapor barrier. The number of layers of roofing pie and the choice of materials depends on the type of roof planned. Each component has the same importance, and in case of poor-quality execution can spoil the whole structure. After acquaintance with technological and operational properties (aesthetics, costs for construction and maintenance, water resistance, fire resistance), a decision is made about the design and its features for the selected type of roof.

Roofing Pieces and Flat Roof Types

Standard flat roofs consist of concrete slabs, on top of which a vapor barrier is placed. The latter is designed to protect the insulation layer from moisture penetrating from the premises. Vapor barrier is arranged using a bitumen membrane reinforced with fiberglass or vapor barrier film. Laying the vapor barrier layer is necessary so that near the edges of the roof it rises to the height of the insulation. As for the insulation, it is usually applied 1-2 layers. They are covered with deposited materials. Otherwise, the composition and structure of the roofing cake differs depending on the type of coating. Arrangement of the green roof is made using technoelastic materials and a needle-piercing membrane. Heat insulation and geotextile layers are placed in the upper part of the inversion coating pie to reliably protect the waterproofing. The “breathable” version consists of uniflex materials and surface aerators. The operated roof is made as strong as possible, with a decorative top layer.
The list of materials used for different types of roofing:

  • insulation (including mineral wool);
  • geotextiles;
  • drainage material;
  • EDPM and PVC membranes;
  • uniflex;
  • special 2-sided tape;
  • technoelast.


Inversion roof

Not so long ago, flat roofs had a significant drawback - the last layer, waterproofing, quickly collapsed. This process is promoted by ultraviolet rays, frost, heat, rain and snow. The solution to the problem was the invention of the inversion type of roofing. The cake of this coating consists of 7 layers. At the base is concrete, then there is a primer, and even higher - waterproofing. Next comes the turn of thermally bonded geotextiles. The next layer is heat insulation, and non-moisture extruded polystyrene foam can be used in this role. After that again put geotextiles. The last layer is protective, often made loose. Thanks to the above features, this roofing device has many advantages. Waterproofing is well protected by other layers and resistant to destruction. The location of the heater on top helps to avoid condensation.


Breathable roofing

The protective qualities of the roof suffer from the moisture of the heat insulator. As a result, cracks and bubbles are formed, especially in summer. Moisture can also be screed and concrete base. All this sooner or later will end peeling. In the "breathing" roof moisture evaporates easily. Ventilation is done by roofing aerators. Tightness is provided by the materials of the deposited type. At the heart of the breathable roof device are a floor slab and vapor barrier over it. Then put insulation, cement-sand screed and material unifleks vent. The sixth and seventh layers - SBS-binder and uniplex ECP (TCH). The design is fastened with screws. Flygarki are installed on the surface; they are then filled with gravel.

An important advantage of this coating is the possibility of installation on the old flooring.


Operated roof

This type of roof allows you to implement ideas for the conversion of free space in a place to rest. This is a good example of a rational use of territory. The technology of installation of the exploited roof provides for the presence of a foundation of reinforced concrete slabs, screeds and a vapor barrier above. Then come the drainage material and insulation. The next layer is geotextiles. The sand-cement mix is ​​already placed further, but plastic holders can also be used instead. At the very top should be put terraced cover, for example, decorative paving slabs. Top cover should be made as strong as possible. An important advantage of the exploited roofs is the ability to use the area to accommodate target areas and various accessories. This is a good "field" for the implementation of design solutions.


Green roofing

The roof can be equipped with lawns and flowerbeds with rich vegetation - the result will be decoration for the whole house as a whole. However, in order for this “creation” to be implemented in practice, a lot will need to be taken into account at the design stage. The technology of laying the pie of the "green" roof provides for the presence of a reinforced concrete base. Over it put claydite. Next is the cement-sand screed and bitumen primer. Two layers of techno-elast are stacked on top: EPP and GREEN EPP. On igloprobivna textiles are installed insulation and two levels of thermally bonded geotextiles, between which is placed a drainage of gravel or gravel. Upper geotextile is needed to protect against soil washout by heavy rain. Then the earth is poured and the plants are planted. The territory is properly ennobled and decorated.


Roof device made of PVC and EDPM membranes

A polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane eliminates the need for another waterproofing. It is thermoplastic: to solder the seams, exposure to hot air is sufficient. EDPM is a durable and resilient material that is “not afraid” of the sun. At the base of the membrane roof, both concrete slabs and metal profiles are applicable. The base is covered with a special double-sided tape. Above is a vapor barrier. Insulation is better to organize due to 2 layers of mineral wool insulation. Suitable hard or combined version of this material. The polymer membrane covers the layers of the roofing pie. Telescopic mounts are made on it. Roofing PVC and EDPM membranes will last for many years, maintaining low and high temperatures. Even the material is very light, so the installation will take place without difficulty. If repairs are carried out, the properties will remain at the same level.


Drainage system

The lifetime of a flat roof depends directly on the drainage system. To protect materials from stagnation of water masses, it is necessary to equip the house of one of the systems - external or internal. To prevent the accumulation of snow and ice in the drain it is possible to use heating in the form of a heating cable. One of the ways to remove excess water from the roof - special drain funnels. Due to the provided slope, the water flows will fall into these devices, and after that they will be diverted from the building. On top of the funnel are equipped with a grid to prevent the ingress of relatively large objects. It is important to take care of the reliability of waterproofing at the junction of devices to the roof. This protects the roof, the facade of the house, as well as the foundation from possible erosion. In the drain, you must install a grid for trapping.


House projects

You should familiarize yourself with the popular options for houses with a flat roof:
1. One-story.
2. Two-story.
3. Wood.
4. With a garage.
The construction of houses with flat roofs has long been a hallmark of urban construction. At the same time, the trends of recent decades in many countries, as well as the emergence of a new generation of durable waterproofing materials have led to the fact that options for flat roofs have become widely used in low-rise buildings. Concrete, metallic or reinforced concrete flooring is provided for taking the snow load. This foundation is more reliable than its counterpart at the sloping roof. In appearance it is concise finished buildings. The project of the house to choose is quite simple: the larger the structure, the better. However, due to different financial aspects, different options have to be compared. A considerable amount will save projects with a finished garage, one-story houses, which will have enough space for several people. Wooden options can "win" at the expense of appearance.


One-story houses

One-floor options are mainly for small families. In this case, the absence of a second floor should not affect the level of comfort. Moreover, its absence can be compensated by a larger area of ​​the building, which will make it possible to conveniently place everything you need on one floor, without undue savings in space. In the cold season it is impossible to equip a flat roof with significant devices, therefore, they will have to look for another place, which is difficult for a 1-story building. The chimney and the shaft of the ventilation system are brought to the roof, and the excess moisture is eliminated through the drain on the facade. Thanks to these devices, the appearance of the building will not be spoiled. The owners of a 1-storey building should consider various options for expanding the living space, and for this you will need to reserve a part of the territory near the house. It is convenient to attach a terrace and a garage to the building on one floor.


Two-story houses

For two-storey buildings, the typical solution is to place the living room, hallway and kitchen (dining room) on the first tier. On the second - a place for an office, bedroom, recreation area with a balcony or terrace. Over these sites, it is desirable to make a canopy. Since an open roof cannot be used effectively in winter, a large glazed balcony / terrace would be a very good option. In general, all zones and necessary amenities should fit in a 2-storey building. In the house on 2 floors with a flat roof drainage system, chimneys and ventilation pipes are combined in 1 unit and placed inside. The garage must be equipped with a separate ventilation duct. This two-story building includes all the advantages of country houses and is designed for year-round living. Buildings of this configuration are usually painted in light colors.


Wooden houses with a flat roof

The building of timber or logs - durable, environmentally friendly and warm structure. The flat roof in this case is made on condition that the overlap of the upper floor and the structures of the last crown are treated with antiseptics and flame retardant treatment. Drainage is arranged with pipes in the inner and outer parts of the building. A log cabin with a flat roof fits perfectly into the forest landscape. For frame buildings, the overlap strength of the last floor is important. It is carefully sealed, as the frame elements can deteriorate when in contact with moisture, and this, in turn, will affect the stability of the entire structure. Frame houses are built quickly and for relatively little money, but "demanding" to ensure the waterproofing of the floor and its strength. Arrangement of a flat roof in a frame house is a scrupulous calculation of the ratio of snow load to the bearing capacity of the structure and strength.


House with garage

The layout of the building with a flat roof affects not only the location of drainage systems, chimneys and stairwells, but also the location of the garage. The flat configuration of the roof just simplifies the extension of the garage room. In the case of a one-story house, it will be even easier to finish building than with two floors, and it is also good in terms of architectural harmony. The top of the garage can be used as a continuation of the roof or an additional surface, for example, under the balcony in the case of a building on 2 floors. The interior of the room must be equipped with a separate ventilation pipe. Only flat modifications of garages will look good with a flat building, especially since they are popular nowadays. Projects with garage rooms provide additional options for their use. This is a great place for workshop and old items. Next to the garage is to allocate stock for a new building for another car.

The roof of the garage should not differ significantly in strength from the roof on the house!


What style to make a house with a flat roof

It is preferable to choose among the directions formed at the end of the XX - the beginning of the XXI centuries:

  • constructivism;
  • high tech;
  • biotech;
  • minimalism;
  • postmodernism;
  • loft.

A country house with a flat top looks good in many modern styles. The buildings are more often dominated by smooth lines, however, smooth edges also have not lost their relevance and even begin to "win" positions. Building houses with rectangular shapes is not only a fashion for the exterior simplicity of design, but also a way to reduce the construction budget by up to 2 times. Most private buildings with a flat roof are characterized by high windows, sliding door options, panel elements, a large number of mirrors and lighting fixtures. Modern styles have much in common, as well as some features specific to a specific direction. Minimalism, for example, creates a feeling of lightness, valued for its simplicity of design. Биотек - дорогой, сложный в исполнении вариант. Хай-тек добавляет к ровным линиям несколько креативных задумок. Конструктивизм отличается строгостью и стремлением к доскональности.Loft stands out for its modern colors and various combinations.


Conclusion

A private house with a flat roof is an original element of the countryside landscape. Its roof is designed for a variety of needs, which affects the method of manufacturing coatings - roofing pies. Their structure usually includes concrete slabs or metal profiles, vapor barrier, waterproofing and insulation (1 or 2 layers). In the case of breathable, green, membrane, inversion and roofs, different approaches and materials are required, including: technoelastic, uniflex, special double-sided tape, PVC and EDPM membranes and mineral wool. Particular attention is paid to the drainage system, because it depends on the comfort, reliability of the structure and the life of the roof itself. The ideal ready-made option is a two-story house, however, as an alternative, they offer a one-story version or a house with a garage.

Watch the video: Flat roof framing diy (March 2024).

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