Types of roofs for a private house

Installation of the roof is the final stage of construction. There are about a dozen major and more than a hundred other roof subtypes. The configuration of the house often limits the owner in the choice. However, if you can, then you should pay attention to the issue of visual design of the roof. Unusual roof can decorate a country house, cottage or cottage. In order to draft a support structure, it is necessary to include professionals in the field of construction and design, as well as experienced workers who can cope with the task of any complexity. All decisions must be rational. It is necessary to meet the budget, take into account the climatic features, think about the role of the attic room, take care of reliability and appearance. For the roof are important characteristics such as tightness, durability, stability and functionality.

Classification and variants of the roofs of private houses

Before you make a choice among the variety of materials and forms of implementation, it is worth getting acquainted with the nuances of the structure of the roofs and their functional features. Among the main criteria that form the classification of roofs are the type and overall design of the structure, slope, and finishing materials. The roof is attic and bescherdnoy, flat and pitched. Flat roofs do not differ in diversity, but the second type is divided into many subtypes, such as conical, dome, hip, mansard, multi-tongue, hip, gable and single-slope. The purpose, advantages and disadvantages of each of them need to be studied in detail. First of all, take into account the durability, cost and performance. A large number of houses with beautiful designer roofs are built annually in the world, so it is worthwhile to use fantasy in the design process.

When designing a roofing scheme for a building of complex geometry, it is necessary to single out the main and adjacent parts of the roof.

Single bar

The roof of a private house with a single slope looks very simple. This type of construction is rarely used, but it can be seen in simple country houses. The disadvantage of such a layout is a one-sided type of drainage system - it has a much greater load than bilateral or other types. The appearance of the roof with a one-sided slope is not the most presentable. Such a design can be considered the optimal solution for arranging various extensions of small sizes. So trim the garages and guest houses. Those who wish to mount such a roof should think about the water outflow system. The main criterion is its throughput. With snow masses such a design copes very well. Shed roof is appropriate in cold climates, as well as in those regions where there is not much precipitation.

Gable

This type of roof may have:

• Hanging or sloping rafters.
• Different eaves overhangs.
• Uneven tilt angles.

The design of the gable roof consists of supporting beams and roofing material attached to the crate. Truss system, as a rule, is made of bars, connected by metal parts. The upper part of the roof forms a ridge. It is located exactly in the middle or closer to some kind of edge. One of the subspecies of the gable roof is multi-angled (the angles of inclination on both sides are not the same). The design of such a roof looks original, but the design has a significant minus - the space of the attic is used irrationally. The broken roof not only eliminates such a problem, but is also built specifically for the attic space. The folds of the ramps create additional volume for the attic. Aesthetics is another advantage of a broken gable roof. The symmetrical design follows the shape of an isosceles triangle.

Mansard

This type of roof does not refer to the gable directly, as it can also be a cantilever or broken. The main feature is the division of the slope into flat (upper) and steep parts (located below). The usual duo-pitch mansard roof has rectangular rafters lying parallel to it. The steep part of the slope perfectly copes with the load in the form of snow. Mansard roof can also refer to the broken. A characteristic feature of the latter is a presentable appearance. Bends are made outwards or inwards. They are often combined: it turns out the roof of an unusual shape with many internal and external fractures. Console roof roof combines features of gable and sloping. Its parts can protrude beyond the walls of the building for several meters, create a lot of space inside. There are also mixed attic structures. This type includes the characteristics of the three previous and additional features.

Hip

Another common type of roofing. The hip roof is composed of four ramps. End (they are called hips) have a triangular appearance. They occupy space from the end of the ridge to the eaves. The other two slopes are trapezoid shaped. Practicality is provided by the feature of the structure. First of all it concerns the removal of precipitation. But the technology of execution is much more complicated. For its construction will require a team of experienced builders. One of the downsides is that there will be no gables at the attic level, and in order to improve illumination it will be necessary to make more dormer windows. This will add complexity in the design process, including the calculation of the pitch of the truss system. Despite the fact that this design copes with rainfall, it is often used in dry tropical areas.

Hip roof is useful if you need to finish:

• house with a veranda;
• oblong building;
• L-shaped house.

Half-hardened

The roof of this type includes the features of the classic duo-pitch and hip. The design has no sharp corners, and one of its main functions is to protect against strong winds. In regions with snowy winters, such roofs are made with small roofs and steeper slopes. If at the location of the house there is no heavy snowfall, then the sheds should be large and the slopes relatively flat. A typical four-sloped half-hinged roof has a cut-off end ramp. Free space is sealed with a window (including a solid) or a wall. However, a semi-hinged roof can combine elements of a gable. In this case there are still four surface elements. In contrast to the previous version, the side slopes are devoid of the lower part, and the frontal ones have a form that remotely resembles a trapezoid, but with six corners. With this design, it will turn out to be a larger attic.

Hip

This chetyrehskatnaya roof, consisting of identical triangular sections. They should be isosceles. Ramps connect exactly in the center. Because of the strict geometry of this coating is not suitable for all homes. The name comes from the word "tent" - a rectangular mobile home. Tent roof is also called pyramidal. It can be installed on houses with a base in the form of a square or a regular quadrangle (not in all cases). Overhangs of such a roof are at the same height. Despite the simple appearance, the installation of this type of roof is difficult technically. The advantages of a hip roof are its property of quick warming and resistance to strong winds. The main drawback is the presence of many compounds in the truss construction, which makes the construction process more complicated and lengthy.

Other cons:

• Significant waste of roofing materials.
• A small amount of space under the attic.
• Cost.

Multicutz

It is characterized by a large variability of execution, based on the number, shape, location and size of gables (tongs). Its sunken corners require a very careful, accurate and precise finish. There are a large number of valleys at the junction points of the ramps on the multicore roof. It is erected on objects with a complex layout, unusual architectural forms, bunk attic compartments and attic. On the endov will fall precipitation and melt water. There is usually accumulated snow, so they should be made durable and as tight as possible. The increase in bearing capacity can transform endo from the most vulnerable elements of the roofing structure into the most functional ones. One of the main advantages of a multi-roof roof is the balance of the truss system. The main problem is the complexity of its installation.

Vaulted

The so-called roof is round, hemispherical or cylindrical. The arch is usually made of stone or brick. Special systems of rafters will be required, as in the decoration of the curvilinear standard standard will be unsuitable. As a material of supporting structures, both curved metal forms and rounded wooden frames of glued timber are used. Special ordering is required. Strength should be the main quality of cylindrical beams. Sometimes used lattice trusses with a complex pattern. This will affect the final price. Design and installation costs much more than for roofs with rectilinear shapes. For this reason, the cylindrical roof is not widely used. For finishing buy rolled materials from polymer bitumen, folded metal coating; in some cases, shingles will do.

Despite the fact that installing the vaulted roof itself is much more expensive, the consumption of materials may be small.

Diamonds

The roof is made of four diamond-shaped slopes, flattened at one point in the center. Suitable for square-shaped buildings. Diamond-shaped roof mounted on small cottages, country houses. If desired, you can make a big high attic. The diamonds roof can most often be seen on one-story buildings. The most common subspecies of diamonds roof is Sudeikin roof. Its design consists of four triangular slopes (hips) in the upper half and the same number of adjoining triangular slopes directed upward. This building will have four gables. As a truss system uses a special design of the bars in the form of an octagonal dome. The classical diamond-shaped roof of G. Sudeikin provides for the presence of a central pillar. However, you can mount the roof without it.

How to choose a roof slope

For the subsequent placement of decorating elements (original dormer windows and chimneys, unusual pediments), roofs are installed with a large slope, almost vertical in some places. This configuration can be used for arranging a full-fledged floor with a variety of design solutions. A small slope better protects against wind, since the contact area will be larger. However, this does not apply to roofs with a very small slope. Rainwater and snow from a low roof descend more slowly, this can lead to leakage. Coating with a slight slope requires more thorough care. There is no need to clean the ramps with a tilt angle of 45 ° and above. A roof with a large slope (from 45 °) is considered "self-cleaning." Relatively flat roof - the most economical option, but the space in the attic will be small. This problem can be solved by increasing the height of the walls of the last floor at the design stage.

Roof construction elements

Roof includes different elements. All types of roofs consist of slopes - surfaces that have a certain slope. These are several independent components that are closely adjacent to each other, less often - one. The horse is called the upper line parallel to the horizon, where several skates are connected. The same name may have ridge tiles and ridges. On many roofs there is such an item as Endova. This is the inner corner at the junction of the two slopes. Endova - the main node in the roof structure. Overhangs are of two types. Eaves - located on the side of the surface of the roof, protruding beyond the walls of the building; gable - part of the roof, hanging over the gable (pediment) of the building. Both options can have a strict rectilinear form or be carried out in an original manner. The basis for the construction of the roof is the truss system - the supporting structure of the rafters, struts, racks and crossbars.

Forms of the building berth

Rafter designs are equipped differently. Shed configuration provides for the presence of two rows of racks or walls as a support for rafter legs. One wall should be higher. The gable design performs the carrier function on roofs consisting of two rectangular pitched surfaces. In the overwhelming majority of cases, the legs of such a system rest against two identical supporting walls of the box in the house. Hip pads are designed for four pitched surfaces. Rafters create two trapezoidal and the same triangular bases. They rely on long and end walls, respectively. The hip roof system is supported by the same walls. Broken (mansard) trusses are installed in a similar way, as is the case with gable systems, but truss legs are placed in two tiers.

Truss system may include the following elements:

• scramble;
• ridge knot;
• run;
• rack;
• Mauerlat;
• struts;
• sill.

Ramp down system

This design has a strong support under the lower and upper heels. Fabrication and installation takes place in a similar way as in the case of a single-pitch roof. Slide systems are erected above the boxes with an internal support wall. It is necessary as a supporting structure for the ridge run. The function of the walls can perform rows of columns or racks. In a simple five-meter spanned superstructure, the tops of the rafters rest on the girder. Lent plays the role of support for the run. Structural strength is provided by struts. Systems with large spans are equipped with additional runs and fights. The latter ensure the stability of the structure. The inclined system can use one of two types of support. When one of them is possible to turn and there are two degrees of freedom. The second option provides only one degree of freedom.

Hanging truss system

This type of construction has only a bottom support. Top back up each other. The frame elements are made in the form of a triangle, which eliminates the need for a mauerlate. Its role is performed by tightening (base). It is used to compensate for the spread on the roof of the mass of the system, the coating and the snow that is on it. The hanging configuration is applicable for small boxes without a carrier element for a ridge girder. If you want to finish a large span, the structure is equipped with ties, struts and headstocks. The use of two additional supports makes it possible to cover a distance of up to 15 meters. Rafters hanging system to avoid horizontal loads. They create tension that is not transferred to the walls of the building. Top rafters can be fixed end to end or laid on the run.

The choice of roofing depending on the slope

Flat roofs are covered with multi-layer rolled materials, bitumen. If the slope is greater than 5 °, then in the decoration you can use three-layer rolled materials that do not have protection. It is recommended to apply a bituminous waterproofing with a coarse-grained layer if the slope is greater than 10 °. When tilting more than 15 ° put the roofing sheets of the waveform. Materials performance can be bitulin, ondulin, evroshifer, asbestos cement slate. Cavity tiles of clay are used with a slope of 20 °. Galvanized steel, copper, metal shingles, metal profiles and sheet steel are laid at a tilt angle of more than 30 °. Folding steel is used on slopes from 18 ° to 25 °, sometimes from 8 °. Slate and asbestos-cement tiles, as well as natural tile covering are appropriate if the roof is steep (from 50 °). When finishing the roofs inclined at an angle of 80 °, chips and shingles are used.

Features roofs

Mansards can vary considerably in configuration. One of the principal features of the mansard roof is the presence of bends to the outside, but there are also internal fractures. Broken roof can be seen on buildings of small size. This is a sophisticated version of a gable roof with a decorative purpose. Shed roof should ideally be inclined at 40 °. A slope is made on the leeward side of the building. Attic under a simple symmetrical roof usually have a fairly large "deaf" area near the joints of the roof with the walls. The recommended angle of inclination of the roof is 45 °. A good solution is to create a mansard floor with asymmetrical ramps. There will be able to accommodate high objects. The main problem is the complexity of the calculations in the design. Tent roofs roofs need to be done with a large angle of inclination. In the center of the attic room there will be plenty of space for storing tall bulky items.

In regions where there is a hurricane wind, it is better to place a lean-to roof from the windward side, and supporting structure - to strengthen with diagonal ligaments.

Warming and waterproofing

Выбор материала для гидроизоляции зависит от климатических условий. Наиболее часто используют рубероид. Это очень крепкий материал. Его преимущество заключается в длительном сроке эксплуатации. Recently, the use of waterproofing films to protect roof layers from water with the possibility of its evaporation has become popular. Thermal insulation is carried out due to the internal decoration of the space between the legs of the truss structure. This is done before the final facing of the room. Fiberglass, glass or mineral wool is chosen as the insulation material. Glass wool is produced in the form of slabs and rolls. It is recommended to choose plates. They are more durable, as less deformed, and their insulating properties are about the same. In addition, foam sheets can be used for roof insulation.

Parameters of insulation materials:

• air permeability;
• compressibility;
• vapor permeability;
• compressive strength;
• density;
• thermal conductivity.

Roof design and color solutions

Over the past 15-20 years, flat roofs have become popular. This embodiment allows you to shift the emphasis on the main part of the building. Houses with a flat roof can have an unusual and geometrically complex shape in the spirit of such modern styles as minimalism, biotech, hi-tech and avant-garde. Pitched roof is more diverse. Sloping roofs are relevant in various design projects of buildings. Shed roof looks beautiful with transparent walls. The polygrain roof can be designed in the unique French style or in the style of traditional Russian architecture. The color scheme is selected depending on the color of the building itself. The roof is made darker, so the choice of shades is often limited to dark, cold and mixed tones. The roof of the original form looks best in blue, bluish, black and gray.

Conclusion

The process of installing the roof begins with the design. At this stage, various parameters are calculated, all wishes are taken into account. Much depends on the frame structure. The optimal location and size of the attic windows is determined before the beginning of its construction. After installing the truss system begins the main part of the work. The construction will be coated with the corresponding configuration. Roofing should be done using durable and durable materials. The main criteria for their selection are indicators such as the slope of slopes, the windiness of the territory, the amount and type of precipitation in the region. Over the past several decades, many high-quality functional materials for finishing have appeared. After the completion of the external arrangement of the roof should be engaged in the choice of insulation, hydro and vapor insulation.