House planning: modern ideas and options

Having your own corner is a bright and spiritual dream of every person. Someone buys a ready-made building or apartment, others acquire a plot, carry out the layout of the house, receive a building permit. The construction of a new mansion or cottage, though associated with temporary difficulties and inconveniences, but the result is worth it.

The completed structure will correspond to the ideas, tastes and wishes of its owner. A sauna, a garage, a summer kitchen, a children's playground, a gazebo, flower beds, other functional, decorative elements can be located near a cozy, warm, large or compact house in the courtyard. Comfort, the convenience of the housing itself will largely depend on a properly designed project.

Features of planning in the design

Construction of a beautiful wooden or brick house is made on the basis of an approved project, which includes its planning. Often, when drawing up a plan, only current needs are taken into account, which may change from time to time. It is important to understand and remember that the facility will be operated for more than one, two years or even a decade. Over time, the family may increase, new plans, needs, desires will appear, over the years, the physical capabilities of the owners will change.

When developing a scheme, it is necessary to adhere not only to the existing norms and standards, but also to take into account the functionality of the premises, their rational, optimal placement, so that at a certain stage of life one should not be disappointed in the choice. For example, if it is important for an infant to place a children's room with an entrance from the parents' bedroom, then as it grows up, such a layout will become unacceptable for all households.

The convenience of living is not influenced by the size of the building, but by the verified location of the interior. Each family member should have his own separate corner, where he would be able to do his favorite, interesting work, without distracting others. Therefore, before turning to the architect, to take a ready-made project, to draw up a sketch yourself, it is necessary to gather family council, take into account each opinion.

In a properly planned house, after entering from the street, you enter the hallway, followed by the living room.

The optimal area of ​​the house

A private house, especially a country house, you can build a spacious and comfortable, while spending almost the same amount as buying an apartment. Depending on the wishes of the owners, the available budget, the number of permanent residents, the size of the rooms, the area of ​​the future structure is determined. Here you can place a separate bedroom for each family member, a spacious living room, dining room, one or more bathrooms, a kitchen, a boiler room, an office, a garage, a billiard room, and other functional rooms.

With limitless funding, the list is easy to continue. Most citizens rely on the availability of certain funds. Therefore, the list of required rooms should be optimal, it should display only the most necessary rooms. If this is not done, include everything you want into the project, then in the end, you simply don’t have enough strength or money to complete the construction, the process will be delayed for a long time.

The parameters of the house are directly dependent on the number of rooms and their sizes. These indicators determine the cost of utility payments. It is necessary to plan a building very rationally, without constraining at the same time constant residents. For a comfortable stay for each person an average of 30 m² is calculated.

Everyone can independently determine the required size of the structure, however, when drawing up a plan, it is necessary to take into account the existing norms and standards specified in SNiP 31-02-2001, PCH 70-88, SNiP 2.08.01-89. If the dimensions of the premises will be less than acceptable values, then the project will simply refuse to register in the BTI.

Location of the house on the plot

Before starting construction, it is necessary to carry out geological studies of the site, during which the level of groundwater occurrence, soil composition, and landscape features are determined. These data are transmitted to the architect, are considered independently. The choice of building materials depends on them, the possibility of including a basement in the project, located under the house, leading to the construction of underground utilities.

When planning the placement of the house on the site in the first place look at the approved rules. For example, in the joint venture 30-102-99 in paragraph 5.3.2 the distances from the residential building, the red line of streets, and driveways are clearly defined. In the first case, it is 5 m, in the second - 3 m. The outbuildings for both variants should be no less than 5 m. In clause 5.3.4. all offsets from the adjacent site and buildings located on it are defined. Also in the code are the norms for all household buildings and extensions located in the territory.

An important factor is the location of the house relative to the cardinal points. The optimal placement will be the one at which the windows will face the south, south-west, south-east. In the north direction there should be a blank wall, non-residential rooms with small window openings. This will provide not only good natural lighting in the daytime, but also allow you to keep warm during the winter period.

Planning the height of the ceiling in the projects

The calculation of this parameter is made taking into account the minimum values ​​specified in SNiP 2.08.01-89 in clause 1.1., Where it is stipulated that the distance from the floor to the ceiling should be at least 2.5 m, and for residential buildings for social purposes no more than 2, 8 m and 3.0 m, the height of internal corridors is from 2.1 m. According to SNiP 31-02-2001 p. 4.5, the height of the kitchen and residential premises is not less than 2.5 m, in some cases determined by the developer, more than 2 , 3 m, in the corridors - from 2.1 m.

Given the established rules, the homeowner needs to decide on what height will be optimal for him. Too low ceilings will visually reduce the space, cause depression and discomfort. Too long a distance will spoil the look of any room, it will be difficult to look after the ceiling, more materials will go away during construction, the heated area will increase.

So that the feeling of emptiness is not created in the room, but spending time here was comfortable and cozy, it is advisable to find a middle ground, choose the optimal parameter within 2.5 - 3.2 m. finishes and electrical appliances, own preferences of all family members.

Planning windows country house

To comply with sanitary and epidemiological requirements, in accordance with SNiP 31-02-2001 p. 8.9 on providing natural lighting, the ratio between window openings and floor space for kitchen and residential premises should be more than 1 part to 8, respectively, for attic floors - at least 1 :ten. There is no limit on the size of the windows. In some cases it is appropriate to install large modern windows, without worrying about the possible loss of heat.

When placing window openings should take into account the direction of the world. For example, for the bedroom and the nursery, the eastern direction will be the best option, in the kitchen and bathroom - the north, in the living room - the east and south, for the corridor and the boiler room - the west. This is due to the specifics of the rooms. Sun rays do not fall into the windows facing north, while in southern structures there is an excess of them.

A large number of windows will provide not only light and fresh air, but also a view to the courtyard. There is an opportunity to observe what is happening on the street, the actions of children, pedestrians. If the area allows, then it is desirable to plan instead of one large window a few, even non-standard ones, the appearance of the building will only benefit from this, but you should not overdo it.

Choosing a house project

Unlike standard apartments located in multi-storey buildings, a residential building of its own can have any number of rooms, be single-storey, two-storey, there are even buildings of three floors. Many prefer models with a veranda, a balcony, a terrace, attach various functional structures next to it. At the same time, dwellings differ in shape. There are square, rectangular, options with a non-standard layout.

The plan can include an attic and basement. In the space located under the roof, usually equip a bedroom, nursery, office, bathroom. The basement room is mainly used for household needs, there are various communications, design a billiard room or gym, garage or boiler room.

The size and number of floors of housing is affected by the area of ​​the plot, the number of residents. Large families, consisting of several generations, give preference to two-story facilities, providing comfort and a separate location for all households. If the family is small, then compact construction will suffice.

Cottage

One-storey housing to build, plan easier than multi-level models. Large buildings are suitable for people who own the appropriate area of ​​land, as well as for friendly families. The building must contain a standard list of rooms:

  • tambour;
  • entrance hall;
  • living room;
  • kitchen;
  • bathroom;
  • boiler room;
  • bedrooms;
  • utility rooms.

When drafting a project, it is advisable to adhere to certain recommendations and rules:

  1. Kitchen and bathroom should be located as close as possible to each other, or at least along one wall. This will simplify, properly organize the plumbing communications, ensure the angle of the pipes used for sewage disposal.
  2. When planning it is necessary to exclude the presence of walk-through rooms so that it is comfortable and cozy in all rooms.
  3. Windows should be located on the cardinal points for each room, according to its features.
  4. Auxiliary and technical premises are required to be separated from residential ones, and a separate place should be allocated for them.
  5. When planning an attic, it is necessary to rationally place the ladder so that it does not interfere with the free movement.

Two-storey house

On a small area, the construction of a large one-story housing becomes impossible and irrational. Even in large areas it would be appropriate to build a structure of several floors, especially this is a good choice for a large family. When building a two-story house, the owner receives the following benefits:

  • space saving on the site;
  • good overview of the surroundings;
  • possibility to add a balcony to the plan;
  • rational distribution of residential and business premises.

Such a structure is not without minor flaws:

  • construction costs will increase due to the reinforced foundation, which must withstand substantial loads;
  • it will be necessary to foresee the presence of a staircase structure, which will take a useful area.

Particular attention should be paid to interfloor ceilings and walls, they should be strengthened.

When planning rooms, utility rooms, they should be properly divided between floors. Usually on the first floor have a vestibule, hallway, living room, kitchen, boiler room, bathroom, flight of stairs. If the area of ​​the building allows, you can still add an office, dining room, guest bedroom. The second floor is mainly used for bedrooms, children’s, a living room, a wardrobe, sometimes an additional bathroom is installed.

House with attic

Equipping the attic space for housing needs allows you to increase the useful area of ​​the building. This is a budget option, which is an alternative to two-story structures. The building has a relatively small weight, which allows you to save on the foundation. Usually in the attic place a bedroom, nursery, office.

When arranging the space under the roof, special attention should be paid to insulation, waterproofing, vapor barrier. From these actions will depend on the temperature in the room, as with the daily temperature change, and seasonal. Sloped windows must be equipped with special double-glazed windows, create good illumination.

However, this floor is not without flaws, namely:

  • the difficulties associated with the arrangement of the heating system;
  • inconvenient interior design due to sloping walls;
  • high energy consumption;
  • psychological pressure;
  • difficult repair work and maintenance.

House of two rooms

For a small family of two people is quite suitable compact house. To make a project, you can consider the layout of standard apartments in a high-rise building. In terms of the plan, it is necessary to rationally arrange two main rooms, allocating the largest area for them. In some cases, it will be convenient to combine the kitchen with the living room, which will also be used as a dining room.

In a small building a bathroom, boiler room, kitchen should be located on one side of the building, and living quarters are separated by a corridor. Here it is convenient to use mezzanines, pantry, space under the upholstered furniture, chairs for storage. In the hall should provide an extra bed, a folding sofa or bed, which can be hidden in a niche.

When building a two-story house, the two main rooms are equipped from above, an additional place appears at the bottom to expand the kitchen space, to accommodate a complete wardrobe. In the enlarged hallway instead of a hanger is a wardrobe.

House of three rooms

The construction, consisting of three rooms, can be called complete. It is easy to accommodate a family with two children. There are a lot of projects of three-room buildings. There are options with a walk-through living room, from which it will be possible to get into two bedrooms and the kitchen. But it is better to give preference to models with a separate arrangement of rooms, so that all households, guests who stayed overnight, feel comfortable.

The only difference from a two-bedroom house is the presence of another bedroom. Accordingly, the area of ​​the house will increase by at least 8 square meters. The hallway is better placed in the center of the building so that it divides it into two equal parts. On the one hand, you can arrange two bedrooms, on the other hand living room, kitchen, bathroom, boiler room, storage room. If there is an attic, the living room is transferred to the upper floor.

Location of rooms in the house

The long-term experience of architects, like most ordinary citizens, shows that it is undesirable to use passage rooms in a house, and it is necessary not only to take into account current needs, but also to take into account plans for the future to plan and build housing. In drawing up the drawing, you should follow certain rules and recommendations, namely:

  • The optimal shape of any room, including the kitchen and bathroom, should be as close to the square as possible.
  • You should not save on the area of ​​the bathroom, kitchen.
  • For each child it is better to equip a separate bedroom, especially if they have a big age difference or they have different gender.
  • In the two-story buildings, the lower tier is given to the older generation. Also, when planning a guest room, one should provide for an extra bed or the possibility of refitting the whole room into a bedroom.
  • The number of corridors should be reduced, as they occupy a useful area.
  • The size of rooms is determined by their functionality, personal preferences. Their parameters should not be less than the minimum specified in the regulations.

Corridor

According to SNiP 31-02-2001 p. 4.4. the width of the front should be at least 1.4 m, inside apartment corridors - from 0.85 m. Considering these data, as well as the fact that all furniture is brought in through this room, its optimum area is chosen. For small buildings, it is advisable to combine the hallway with the living room, attach a small vestibule in front of the entrance.

Hall is best located in the center of the facade. Thus, it will divide the building into two parts, from which it will be possible to get into all the rooms in the house. For two-storeyed options, the hallway should be shifted to a corner, then around it you can plan the stairs to the second floor. It is convenient to place a closet for street clothes and shoes, place a large mirror.

Kitchen

In paragraph 2.7. SNiP 2.08.01-89 the width of the kitchen should be at least 1.7 m, and an area of ​​more than 6 m². This will be enough for the cooking zone. But for its reception it is better to provide at least 10 m². It is also convenient to combine the room with the living room, instead of partitions to make zoning with a bar.

It is necessary to have a room with regard to sanitary communications, closer to the bathroom. Here you should consider a good ventilation system, install the hood. In the kitchen space is not worth saving. In a spacious room it will be convenient to cook and gather with the whole family for dinner.

Living room

The minimum area of ​​a common living room established by regulatory documents is 12 m². It can be combined with a corridor and a kitchen. With this arrangement, its square should be about three times the kitchen area. При правильной планировке дома прихожая ведет в зал, который находится в центральной части коттеджа.

Помещение должно быть самым большим в доме. Здесь обычно принимают гостей, при необходимости оставляют на ночь, проводят досуг сами жильцы. One of the main requirements is good illumination, so several large windows are installed in the room, a chandelier is placed on the ceiling, and additional electrical appliances are provided.

Sleeping rooms

The same SNiP 31-02-2001 p. 4.4. It states that the sleeping room should be larger than 8 m². The size is determined depending on who will sleep in the room, the number of planned furniture. Parents will need more space, as many here equip wardrobes, allocate space for work, hang a TV on the wall, install a computer.

Guest bedroom requires less space. In the nursery, there is a play and working area for the student, and several children can live in it. It is necessary to have premises separately from the others. In a two-story compact house for this purpose you can use the whole floor. It is better to plan windows to the east, which will make the bedroom bright, it will not overheat in summer.

Bath and toilet

According to the standard, the width of the bathroom starts from 1.5 m, the restroom from 0.8 m, its depth - from 1.2 m. The best option would be to isolate rooms with partitions. But in small houses it would be advisable to equip a joint bathroom. For aesthetic reasons, rooms should not be located in the central part of the building, and the entrance to them should not be viewed from the living room.

When equipping the sanitary premises of a two-story house, it is necessary to take into account that the place for natural needs should not be located above the living room. At the same time, on the first floor, a full-fledged separate bathroom is usually installed, and on the second floor, a shower stall is installed instead of a bathroom.

Utility rooms

Utility rooms are placed depending on their purpose. For example: a pantry for edible supplies, blanks, kitchen equipment, it is better to have close to the kitchen, dressing room - in the bedroom or hall, ironing in the living room, machine can be placed in the hallway, hiding it in a closet or niche.

To achieve this goal, you can use unpromising places, for example, the space under the stairs. That will make it possible to save useful space. In the garage, dry basement, you can provide a separate utility room for storing various items that are rarely used.

Distribution of space in houses of various types

The construction of large, bulky mansions and cottages is a consummate occupation, it requires significant investments and further expenses for maintenance and maintenance. Most people choose compact structures that include everything you need to live. There are two ways to design a house: define its perimeter and fill the interior with rooms, or first make a list of rooms, and then draw the boundaries of the building. You can perform the actions yourself using the AutoCAD, draw in the online program.

There are many plans and various configurations of buildings, but among them there are several typical layouts: 6x6; 8x8; 10x10. In this case, structures may have:

  • second floor;
  • attic;
  • ground floor or basement;
  • garage.

Type 6 to 6

Convenient layout of a compact house in which you can accommodate only two living rooms, a kitchen, a hall and a bathroom. Option is chosen by many gardeners. It is convenient to live here with a family without children or with one small child. If the building is used only as a country house, then it will be an ideal place to relax a small company. Citizens living in Khrushchev, one-room apartments are accustomed to small premises.

It is advisable to build a two-story buildings or with a mansard. Above you can equip the living room and study, and the bottom is a place for two bedrooms. Or vice versa, bring two bedrooms to the second floor. Before entering the house, the terrace looks great, which will serve as a summer kitchen. To save space, the restroom can be equipped on the street.

Type 8 to 8

A 64 m² cottage is easier to plan. The project can include: a kitchen, two bedrooms, a small living room, a bathroom, a hall, utility rooms. Such a structure is suitable for a full-fledged family of 4 people. It will not be out of place to combine the kitchen with a hall that will be additionally used as a dining room.

The location of the rooms depends on the purpose of the building. For a country house used for recreation, it is enough to equip the kitchen space, hall, bathroom, steam room, bedroom. During the construction of a two-story structure, the number of rooms will increase significantly. Above you can arrange 2-3 bedrooms and a balcony, a study, a separate wardrobe. Bottom also makes room for the garage, dining room and other functional areas.

Type 10 on 10

A single-storey house with such dimensions will be self-sufficient. It is easy to locate the kitchen, living room, bedroom and two children, vestibule, hallway, boiler room, even there is a place for the office. In the presence of an attic, you can move the children's rooms into it, and in the vacant space you can organize an additional recreation area, a steam room, a sauna.

If the plan provides a second floor, then the house will become suitable for several generations of tenants and large families. At the same time on the first floor you can arrange a separate bedroom for the older generation, a room in which they can relax and play with their grandchildren, a kitchen and a separate bathroom. From above you can equip a living room, 2-3 bedrooms for children, one for parents, a workplace. Living space is enough for any wishes of the owners.

House Styles and Colors

At registration of houses it is possible to use three basic directions: modern, classical, ethnic. The main requirement - you can not mix them together. Consider them in more detail:

Modern:

  • Minimalism. The veneer uses white color, natural raw materials with a light shade. Things at least, all functional.
  • Scandinavian. The color base is a white shade, light wood, as an accent - dark and bright colors. In the design of a lot of light textiles, accessories.
  • Loft. Natural materials, unfinished materials, brickwork, protruding pipes, selected beams and columns are used. Decorative plaster is used to imitate concrete.

Classical:

  • Modern Smooth lines for furniture and cladding. The interior is characterized by many accessories, devoid of luxury. The palette is expressed in natural shades.
  • Provence. Characterized by comfort. The interior design uses a lot of textiles in pastel colors. The priority is a bronze tint.
  • Gothic. Suitable for homes with high ceilings. The design uses dark shades. Stained glass, carved items, candles are welcome.

Ethnic:

  • English. The finishes are gray and dark green. Natural wood furniture with carved elements.
  • Mediterranean. Only light shades are applicable. Large windows are used. The interior is characterized by good lighting.
  • African. A great option for decoration space. The cladding uses leather, fur, bamboo. Desert colors predominate.

How to expand the space in a small house

Owners of small houses can increase the space visually, use special items to free the missing square meters, and combine several functional zones in one room. Any of the options will help to make housing more comfortable and cozy.

To free up an already small area, you can install folding sofas, beds that are removed in a niche, equip mezzanines, install open shelves. TV can be placed on the wall. The space under the furniture used to store different things.

For a visual increase in the room, a mirror wall is made, more windows are installed, light colors are used in the decoration, and artificial lighting is used. Physically you can increase the living space by adding a simple veranda. If you combine the kitchen with the living room, the second will serve as a dining room.

Conclusion

Planning a house is an important moment in the life of any person, which is accompanied by worries and difficulties. To begin with, he needs to choose a site, conduct geological studies, draw up a project, and then coordinate it in various government agencies, obtain all building permits, communications connections. But the result is worth it, because the house is the dream of the owner, who decided to build it.

Watch the video: The H-Shaped Floor Plan - Medieval Hall House (March 2024).

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